Tox
Содержание:
Future of Tox
Tox is continuously developed, and at the moment not all features are in place. Here are answers to some of questions
Multiple devices
Can I move profile across devices manually?
Yes, you can. Note though that it should be kept synced by you across devices, and running more than 1 Tox instance at the same time using same profile will lead to bad things happening. Nothing critical, but you would experience severe disruptions using Tox, like friends constantly going offline / online, file transfers not working, etc.
How to import / export profiles manually?
Real Offline Messaging
Offline messages are planned. For an explanation of the issues involved in Offline Messaging, go here. For ideas about how it will be implemented go here.
Yep. There is still missing a proper design of interface for it, so if you think that you could contribute one,
Video Tutorials
Features
| qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interface | Desktop | Desktop | CLI | Desktop | Mobile | Mobile | Desktop | Mobile | Mobile |
| Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| OSX | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | No | No | No | No | No |
| Windows | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| BSD | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | No | No | No | No | No |
| Android | No | Minimal | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| iOS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| SailfishOS | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Audio features | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Audio | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Audio filtering | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Audio notifications | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Group audio | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Video features | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Desktop sharing | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| Video | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Messaging | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| 1v1 messages | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Chat logs | Yes | Yes (export possible) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Emoticons | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Inline images | Semi | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Message splitting | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Faux offline messaging | Yes | Yes | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| File transfer | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| File resuming | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | No | Yes | No | Semi |
| Spell check | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Screen/Desktop notifications | Semi | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Yes |
| Typing notifications | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Group chats | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Group chats | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Persistent group chats | Yes | Yes | Yes | Prealpha | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Group chat history | Planned | No | No | Unknown | Yes | No | Unknown | No | No |
| Group file transfers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Group inline images | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Group offline messaging | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Group typing notifications | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Profile & Contact Management | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Avatars | Yes | Yes | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Changing nospam | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Contact aliases | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Untested | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Contact blocking | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Untested | Semi | No | No | No |
| Name lookups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Multiprofile | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Profile import/export | Yes | No | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Save file encryption | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| tox: URI | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| General | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Multilingual | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Proxy support | Yes | (Socks5 only) | Yes | Yes | (Tor only) | No | Yes | No | No |
| qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
Features
Encryption of traffic
Users are assigned a public and private key, and they connect to each other directly in a fully distributed, peer-to-peer network. Users have the ability to message friends, join chat rooms with friends or strangers, voice/video chat, and send each other files. All traffic over Tox is end-to-end encrypted using the NaCl library, which provides authenticated encryption and perfect forward secrecy.
Revealing of IP address to friends
Tox makes no attempt to cloak your IP address when communicating with friends, as the whole point of a peer-to-peer network is to connect you directly to your friends. A workaround does exist in the form of tunneling your Tox connections through Tor. However, a non-friend user cannot easily discover your IP address using only a Tox ID; you reveal your IP address to someone only when you add them to your contacts list.
Additional messaging features
Tox clients aim to provide support for various secure and anonymised communication features; while every client supports messaging, additional features like group messaging, voice and video calling, voice and video conferencing, typing indicators, message read-receipts, file sharing, profile encryption, and desktop streaming are supported to various degrees by mobile and desktop clients. Additional features can be implemented by any client as long as they are supported by the core protocol. Features that are not related to the core networking system are left up to the client. Client developers are strongly encouraged to adhere to the Tox Client Standard in order to maintain cross-client compatibility and uphold best security practices.
Usability as an instant messenger
Screenshot of the qTox messenger, which uses the Tox protocol, a message has been sent by «Joeri» while the receiving party is offline, the client shows the user that the message is still in transit, when in reality the qTox client is waiting for the receiver of the message to come back online
Though several apps that use the Tox protocol seem similar in function to regular instant messaging apps, the lack of central servers currently has the consequence that both parties of the chat need to be online for the message to be sent and received. The Tox enabled messengers deal with this in separate ways, some prevent the user from sending the message if the other party has disconnected while others show the message as being sent when in reality it is stored in the sender’s phone waiting to be delivered when the receiving party reconnects to the network.
Active Nodes List
Below are a list of active nodes that you can connect to. This list is actively maintained.
| IPv4 | IPv6 | Port | Public Key | Maintainer | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85.172.30.117 | NONE | 33445 | 8E7D0B859922EF569298B4D261A8CCB5FEA14FB91ED412A7603A585A25698832 | ray65536 | RU |
| 85.143.221.42 | 2a04:ac00:1:9f00:5054:ff:fe01:becd | 33445 | DA4E4ED4B697F2E9B000EEFE3A34B554ACD3F45F5C96EAEA2516DD7FF9AF7B43 | MAH69K | RU |
| tox.verdict.gg | NONE | 33445 | 1C5293AEF2114717547B39DA8EA6F1E331E5E358B35F9B6B5F19317911C5F976 | Deliran | DE |
| 78.46.73.141 | 2a01:4f8:120:4091::3 | 33445 | 02807CF4F8BB8FB390CC3794BDF1E8449E9A8392C5D3F2200019DA9F1E812E46 | Sorunome | DE |
| tox.initramfs.io | tox.initramfs.io | 33445 | 3F0A45A268367C1BEA652F258C85F4A66DA76BCAA667A49E770BCC4917AB6A25 | initramfs | TW |
| 46.229.52.198 | NONE | 33445 | 813C8F4187833EF0655B10F7752141A352248462A567529A38B6BBF73E979307 | Stranger | UA |
| tox.neuland.technology | tox.neuland.technology | 33445 | 15E9C309CFCB79FDDF0EBA057DABB49FE15F3803B1BFF06536AE2E5BA5E4690E | Nolz | DE |
| 144.217.167.73 | NONE | 33445 | 7E5668E0EE09E19F320AD47902419331FFEE147BB3606769CFBE921A2A2FD34C | velusip | CA |
| tox.abilinski.com | NONE | 33445 | 10C00EB250C3233E343E2AEBA07115A5C28920E9C8D29492F6D00B29049EDC7E | Anthony Bilinski | CA |
| 37.48.122.22 | 2001:1af8:4700:a115:6::b | 33445 | 1B5A8AB25FFFB66620A531C4646B47F0F32B74C547B30AF8BD8266CA50A3AB59 | Pokemon | NL |
| tox.novg.net | NONE | 33445 | D527E5847F8330D628DAB1814F0A422F6DC9D0A300E6C357634EE2DA88C35463 | blind_oracle | NL |
| 95.31.18.227 | NONE | 33445 | 257744DBF57BE3E117FE05D145B5F806089428D4DCE4E3D0D50616AA16D9417E | ky0uraku | RU |
| 185.14.30.213 | 2a00:1ca8:a7::e8b | 443 | 2555763C8C460495B14157D234DD56B86300A2395554BCAE4621AC345B8C1B1B | dvor | NL |
| 198.199.98.108 | 2604:a880:1:20::32f:1001 | 33445 | BEF0CFB37AF874BD17B9A8F9FE64C75521DB95A37D33C5BDB00E9CF58659C04F | Cody | US |
| tox.kurnevsky.net | tox.kurnevsky.net | 33445 | 82EF82BA33445A1F91A7DB27189ECFC0C013E06E3DA71F588ED692BED625EC23 | kurnevsky | NL |
| 87.118.126.207 | NONE | 33445 | 0D303B1778CA102035DA01334E7B1855A45C3EFBC9A83B9D916FFDEBC6DD3B2E | quux | DE |
| 81.169.136.229 | 2a01:238:4254:2a00:7aca:fe8c:68e0:27ec | 33445 | E0DB78116AC6500398DDBA2AEEF3220BB116384CAB714C5D1FCD61EA2B69D75E | 9 of Spades | DE |
| 205.185.115.131 | NONE | 53 | 3091C6BEB2A993F1C6300C16549FABA67098FF3D62C6D253828B531470B53D68 | GDR! | US |
| tox2.abilinski.com | tox2.abilinski.com | 33445 | 7A6098B590BDC73F9723FC59F82B3F9085A64D1B213AAF8E610FD351930D052D | Anthony Bilinski | US |
| 109.111.178.181 | NONE | 33445 | 7B9BF5C2FF43F60592381596D4CBDC88B287AA3FD34C7536924CB1395CAF7E0C | LivingstoneI2P | RU |
| 218.28.170.22 | NONE | 33445 | DBACB7D3F53693498398E6B46EF0C063A4656EB02FEFA11D72A60BAFA8DF7B59 | Onion Bulb | CN |
| floki.blog | NONE | 33445 | 6C6AF2236F478F8305969CCFC7A7B67C6383558FF87716D38D55906E08E72667 | Floki | GB |
| 51.158.146.76 | 2001:bc8:6010:213:208:a2ff:fe0c:7fee | 33445 | E940D8FA9B07C1D13EA4ECF9F06B66F565F1CF61F094F60C67FDC8ADD3F4BA59 | CyberSquirrel | NL |
| 194.36.190.71 | NONE | 33445 | B62F1878BD08EDD34E4D7B0D66F9E74CC7BDE4BEA2C95E130DAADCFF9BCB4F6D | Shilov | NL |
| 94.45.70.19 | NONE | 33445 | CE049A748EB31F0377F94427E8E3D219FC96509D4F9D16E181E956BC5B1C4564 | Shilov | UA |
| 185.66.13.169 | NONE | 33445 | A44A024DA1299A85B91E3A64B9D19C7F331D0073DD2FAAF1361C127B5D909E3D | Shilov | RU |
| 46.101.197.175 | 2a03:b0c0:3:d0::ac:5001 | 33445 | CD133B521159541FB1D326DE9850F5E56A6C724B5B8E5EB5CD8D950408E95707 | kotelnik | DE |
| tox1.mf-net.eu | tox1.mf-net.eu | 33445 | B3E5FA80DC8EBD1149AD2AB35ED8B85BD546DEDE261CA593234C619249419506 | 2mf | DE |
| tox2.mf-net.eu | tox2.mf-net.eu | 33445 | 70EA214FDE161E7432530605213F18F7427DC773E276B3E317A07531F548545F | 2mf | DE |
| 46.146.229.184 | NONE | 33445 | 94750E94013586CCD989233A621747E2646F08F31102339452CADCF6DC2A760A | GS | RU |
ToxMe
Major improvements
Tips: Being Python, it’s fairly easy to underestimate how much work is actually required.
Expected results:
- Switch toxme to a new replicating DB
- Find a way to transfer data between the existing sqlite db and it
- Safely add support for location/email/etc
- Work out a way to validate and correct user supplied info (email, checking and fixing locations, etc)
- Design a UI and a backend to search through this data based on user privacy settings
- If time permits work out a Tox bot to do authentication/ownership of an ID to allow resets if one forgets his/her password
Difficulty: Medium
Mentor: Sean sean@tox.im
Features
Messaging
qTox supports messaging for contacts and group chats, with emoticons, text formatting, and for messages that are larger than 1372 bytes.
Typing notifications are shown to and from contacts, if the feature is enabled in the settings.
It is possible to message offline contacts, in which case the message will be stored and sent once both users are online.
qTox has support for chat history, with the option to enable or disable the feature.
File transfers
qTox has support for file transfer.
qTox has partial support for inline images, but it is a preview for saved images only.
qTox has support for pausing and resuming file transfers, but broken file transfers will not be resumed.
Group chats
qTox has support for persistent group chats, but file transfers and typing notifications in group chats aren’t possible yet until the feature is implemented by c-toxcore.
Profile & Contact Management
qTox has support for avatars, , setting custom aliases for contacts, and contact blocking.
qTox supports multiple profiles, importing / exporting profiles, and encrypting profiles and save files with a password.
Tox URIs are supported.
General
qTox has support for proxies, both SOCKS5 and HTTP. For an example of a proxy configuration, see Tox over Tor.
qTox has support for themes, including the built-in themes:
- Default
- Blue
- Olive
- Red
- Violet
- Dark
- Dark blue
- Dark olive
- Dark red
- Dark violet
Отношения к другим индоевропейским языкам
| Родство Тохарских языков | ||||||||
| Русский язык | Тохарский A | Тохарский B | Литовский язык | Ирландский | Латинский язык | Греческий язык | Санскрит | Индоевропейский праязык |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| один | sas | ṣe | vienas | aon | ūnus | heis | eka | *oynos, *sems |
| два | wu | wi | du | dó | duo | duo | dva | *d(u)woh1 |
| три | tre | trai | trys | trí | trēs | treis | tri | *treyes |
| четыре | śtwar | śtwer | keturi | ceathair | quattuor | téssares | catur | *kwetwores |
| пять | päñ | piś | penki | cúig | quīnque | pente | pañca | *penkwe |
| шесть | ṣäk | ṣkas | šeši | sé | sex | héx | ṣáṣ | *(s)weḱs |
| семь | ṣpät | ṣukt | septyni | seacht | septem | heptá | saptá | *septm |
| восемь | okät | okt | aštuoni | hocht | octō | októ | aṣṭa | *oḱtoh3 |
| девять | ñu | ñu | devyni | naoi | novem | ennéa | náva | *newn |
| десять | śäk | śak | dešimt | deich | decem | deka | dáśa | *deḱm |
| сто | känt | kante | šimtas | cead | centum | hekatón | śatám | *ḱmtom |
| отец | pācar | pācer | tėvas | athair | pater | patēr | pitár- | *ph2tēr |
| мать | mācar | mācer | motina | máthair | mater | mētér | mātar- | *meh2tēr |
| брат | pracar | procer | brolis | bráthair | frāter | phrátēr | bhrātar- | *bhreh2tēr |
| сестра | ṣar | ṣer | sesuo | siúr | soror | éor | svasṛ- | *swesor |
| конь | yuk | yakwe | arklys | each | equus | híppos | áśva- | *eḱwo- |
| говядина | ko | keu | karvė | bó | bos | boûs | gáus | *gwow- |
| собака | ku | ku | ? | cú | canis | kýōn | ? | ? |
| голос | vak | vek | balsas | focal | vōx | épos | vāk | *wekw- |
| имя | ñom | ñem | vardas | ainm | nōmen | ónoma | nāman- | *nomn |
| молоко | malk | mälk | melžti | bligh | mulgēre | amélgein | marjati | *melg- |
| Русский | Тохарский A | Тохарский B | Греческий | Хеттский |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Огонь | pur | powar | pyr | pahhur |
| Отец | pacar | pacer | patēr | attas |
| Мать | macar | macer | mátēr | annas |
| Брат | pracar | procer | phrātēr | negnas |
| Дочь | ckacar | tkacer | thygatēr | |
| Собака | ku | ku | kýōn | |
| Земля | tkam | keṃ | chthōn | tekan |
Architecture
Core
The Tox core is a library establishing the protocol and API. User front-ends, or clients, are built on the top of the core. Anyone can create a client utilizing the core.
Technical documents describing the design of the Core, written by the core developer irungentoo, are available publicly.
Protocol
The core of Tox is an implementation of the Tox protocol, an example of the application layer of the OSI model and arguably the presentation layer. Implementations of the Tox protocol not done by the project exist.[failed verification]
Tox uses the Opus audio format for audio streaming and the VP8 video compression format for video streaming.
Encryption
Tox uses the cryptographic primitives present in the NaCl crypto library, via libsodium. Specifically, Tox employs Curve25519 for its key exchanges, xsalsa20 for symmetric encryption, and Poly1305 for MACs. Because the tox protocol can be used by many different applications, and because the tox network broadcasts the used client, it is also possible for clients to use additional encryption when sending to clients which support the same features.
Clients
A client is a program that uses the Tox core library to communicate with other users of the Tox protocol. Various clients are available for a wide range of systems; the following list is incomplete.
| Name | Operating system | Written in | Development status & comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antidote | iOS | Swift | Abandoned (see project’s GitHub page) |
| Antox | Android | Scala, Java | Abandoned, last update in December 2017 |
| Cyanide | Sailfish OS | C++ | Abandoned, last update in Jan 2017 |
| gTox | Linux | C++ (GTK+ 3) | Abandoned (see project’s GitHub page) |
| qTox | Linux, FreeBSD, OS X, Windows | C++ (Qt) | Active |
| TOK | iOS, Android | Java, Swift, Objective-C | Active |
| Toxic | Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, DragonflyBSD, NetBSD, Solaris, OS X | C (Ncurses) | Active |
| Toxy | Windows | C# (WPF) | Unmaintained (see project’s GitHub page) |
| Toxygen | Linux, Windows | Python (Qt via PySide) | Active |
| TRIfA | Android | C, Java | Active |
| µTox | Linux, FreeBSD, OS X, Windows | C | Active |
| xWinTox | Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris | C/C++ (FLTK) | Abandoned, last update in Dec 2015 |
| Isotoxin | Windows | C++ | Active |
| ratox | Linux, BSD, OS X | C | Active |
| WebTox | Web-based | HTML5 (client) + Go (server) | Abandoned, last update in Jan 2016 |
There are also Tox protocol plugins for Pidgin (no longer maintained, but working as of 2018-03-30) and .
uTox
Первый в обзоре (но не первый в рейтинге) — uTox, официальный клиент Tox, рекомендованный разработчиками. На момент написания этой статьи пользователям Linux доступна альфа-версия 0.5.0. К сожалению, в репозиториях Ubuntu бинарного пакета uTox не нашлось: проект еще недостаточно стабилен. Установка uTox несложна для опытного пользователя. Процесс установки идентичен в Ubuntu и в Debian.
Вариант 1. Присоединись к сообществу «Xakep.ru», чтобы читать все материалы на сайте
Членство в сообществе в течение указанного срока откроет тебе доступ ко ВСЕМ материалам «Хакера», увеличит личную накопительную скидку и позволит накапливать профессиональный рейтинг Xakep Score!
Подробнее
Вариант 2. Открой один материал
Заинтересовала статья, но нет возможности стать членом клуба «Xakep.ru»? Тогда этот вариант для тебя!
Обрати внимание: этот способ подходит только для статей, опубликованных более двух месяцев назад.
Я уже участник «Xakep.ru»
Языки
Распространение Тохарских языков A (голубой цвет), Б (розовый) and C (желтый) в Таримском бассейне. Основано на работе Д. Мэллори (2010)
Известны два тохарских языка — «тохарский А» («восточно-тохарский») и «тохарский Б» («западно-тохарский»), которые значительно отличаются друг от друга. Можно предположить, что пратохарский язык отделён от времени создания известных нам текстов промежутком примерно в 1000 лет. Наиболее распространён был «тохарский Б» («кучанский»), хотя в нём сохранилось больше архаических черт. «Тохарский А» («турфанский») в момент создания текстов предположительно был уже мёртвым языком и использовался буддистскими монахами исключительно в культовых целях, для фиксации сакральных текстов.
Существует предположение, что ещё один тохарский язык («тохарский С») был в ходу в оазисе Лоулань; об этом свидетельствует большое число тохарских заимствований в обнаруженных там текстах на пракрите.
uTox
Android port
Brief explanation: The original author of uTox ported uTox to Android as an experiment, however that port is far from complete. The code for this experimental Android port lies dormant in the uTox codebase waiting for someone to use it to turn uTox into an Android application that is actually usable. The difficulty of this lies in the fact that uTox is a C program and most of the Android APIs are Java.
Expected results:
- Port all the unported uTox functionality to Android.
- Improve usability on Android.
Knowledge Prerequisite: C, Java, Android.
Difficulty: Nightmare
Windows Improvements
Brief explanation: Your job will be to improve support and usability on Windows. There are a lot of improvements to do to make uTox integrate well in Windows. Some examples are adding features such as start on boot and doing that fancy file transfer thing with the taskbar when transferring files (copy a file somewhere on Windows 7+ and look at the taskbar, that’s what I mean).
Expected results:
- Improve usability on Windows.
- Make uTox a better client.
Knowledge Prerequisite: C, Windows API
Difficulty: Medium
Other clients
The following is a list of some other Tox clients that you may be interested in using.
| Popular Tox clients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | Antox | Antidote |
Currently stalled
Preview for saved images only
Messages are not stored, and thus they won’t be sent across client restarts
, Transfers can be paused and resumed, but broken transfers will not be resumed
Supported but not included in builds
Sends typing notifications but does not show received ones
You are only able to set your own avatar, avatars of friends aren’t displayed
You can block, but not unblock contacts
Only by manually specifying which save file should be used.
Persistent group chats
Ability of the client to keep track of group chats and rejoin them automatically on reconnect / restart. Supported by c-toxcore.
Features
| qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interface | Desktop | Desktop | CLI | Desktop | Mobile | Mobile | Desktop | Mobile | Mobile |
| Linux | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| OSX | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | No | No | No | No | No |
| Windows | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| BSD | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | No | No | No | No | No |
| Android | No | Minimal | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| iOS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| SailfishOS | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Audio features | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Audio | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Audio filtering | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Audio notifications | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Group audio | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Video features | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Desktop sharing | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No |
| Video | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Messaging | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| 1v1 messages | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Chat logs | Yes | Yes (export possible) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Emoticons | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Inline images | Semi | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Message splitting | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Faux offline messaging | Yes | Yes | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| File transfer | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| File resuming | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | No | Yes | No | Semi |
| Spell check | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Screen/Desktop notifications | Semi | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Yes | Yes | Unknown | Unknown | Yes |
| Typing notifications | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Group chats | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Group chats | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Persistent group chats | Yes | Yes | Yes | Prealpha | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Group chat history | Planned | No | No | Unknown | Yes | No | Unknown | No | No |
| Group file transfers | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Group inline images | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Group offline messaging | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Group typing notifications | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Profile & Contact Management | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Avatars | Yes | Yes | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Changing nospam | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Contact aliases | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Untested | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Contact blocking | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Untested | Semi | No | No | No |
| Name lookups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Untested | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Multiprofile | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Profile import/export | Yes | No | Semi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Save file encryption | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| tox: URI | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| General | qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
| Multilingual | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Proxy support | Yes | (Socks5 only) | Yes | Yes | (Tor only) | No | Yes | No | No |
| qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | TRIfA | Antox | Isotoxin | jTox | Protox |
Unmaintained client features
See unmaintained clients.
Using is not a strict requirement, but it is supposed to make filtering audio in Tox clients easier. In a case where it fails to ease filtering, an issue about this should be made.
Single Tox Standard
Currently stalled
Preview for saved images only
Messages are not stored, and thus they won’t be sent across client restarts
, Transfers can be paused and resumed, but broken transfers will not be resumed
Supported but not included in builds
Sends typing notifications but does not show received ones
You are only able to set your own avatar, avatars of friends aren’t displayed
You can block, but not unblock contacts
Only by manually specifying which save file should be used.
Примечания
- Клейн Л. С. Древние миграции и происхождение индоевропейских народов. СПб., 2007, с. 161.
- ираноязычные
- цитата — «Б. Лауфер проанализировал пять юэчжийских слов, сохранившихся в записях династии Хань, и пришел к выводу, что эти слова принадлежали языку североиранской группы. Шестое слово —юэчжи — он восстановил с учетом особенностей древнекитайской фонетики, как sgwied-di, и сопоставил его с хорошо известным названием Sogdoi, то есть Согд, причем приставку di истолковал как суффикс множественного числа по аналогии с осетинским, скифским, согдийским и ягнобским языками, отметив отличие этой группы от тохарского языка, близкого к западноевропейским и, следовательно, далёкого от иранских.» См.:»Bertold Laufer. The Language of the Jue-chi or Indo-Scythi-ans. Chicago, 1917, P. 14″
- ↑ Mallory, J. P. (editor). Adams, Douglas Q. (editor). (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 1-884964-98-2. Page 593.
- Mallory, J.P. and Victor H. Mair. The Tarim Mummies. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000. (ISBN 0-500-05101-1)
- Гамкрелидзе Т. В., Иванов Вяч. Вс. Первые индоевропейцы на арене истории: прототохары в Передней Азии // Вестник древней истории. 1989. № 1.
Словообразование
Образование глаголов от глаголов
Тохарские глаголы характеризуются наличием двух глагольных основ — базовой и каузативной (или фактитивной). Пример из тохарского Б: основа глагола tsälpetär «он освобождается от страдания, умирает» является базовой, а основа tsalpäṣtär «он освобождает от страданий, он причиняет смерть» является каузативной. Каузативное значение подчеркнуто, особенно когда глагол непереходен.
Различие между каузативной и базовой основами распространяется на настоящее время и претерит изъявительного наклонения, а также на сослагательное наклонение тохарского глагола.
Каузативная основа в тох. А образуется посредством дупликации (удвоения) корня в претерите. В тох Б с помощью палатализации согласного звука ср. tsalpa и tsyālpāte.
| Основа | Тох. А | Тох. Б |
|---|---|---|
| Настоящее время | ||
| Базовая | śalpatär | tsälpetär |
| Каузативная | tsälpäṣtär | tsalpäṣtär |
| Сослагательное наклонение | ||
| Базовая | tsälpātär | tsälpātär |
| Каузативная | tsälpāṣtär | tsalpästär |
| Претерит | ||
| Базовая | tsälp | tsalpa |
| Каузативная | śaśälpāt | tsyālpāte |
Существовал ещё один способ образования каузатива — добавление общего для многих древних индоевропейских языков суффиксов, произошедших от ИЕ *-sḱ-, который в других и.е. языках, где он сохранился, может придавать глаголу инхоативное (начало действия) и итеративное (повторение действия) значение и *-s-. В тох. А использовался только суффикс *-s-, который после фонологических изменений приобрел форму -ṣ-. В тох. Б использовались оба суффикса- ИЕ*-sḱ- как -ṣṣ- в IX классе глагола и ИЕ*-s- как -ṣ- в VIII классе глагола.
Other Clients
The following is a list of some other Tox clients that you may be interested in using.
| Popular Tox clients | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qTox | µTox | Toxic | Toxygen | Antox | Antidote |
Using is not a strict requirement, but it is supposed to make filtering audio in Tox clients easier. In a case where it fails to ease filtering, an issue about this should be made.
Single Tox Standard
Currently stalled
Preview for saved images only
Messages are not stored, and thus they won’t be sent across client restarts
, Transfers can be paused and resumed, but broken transfers will not be resumed
Supported but not included in builds
Sends typing notifications but does not show received ones
You are only able to set your own avatar, avatars of friends aren’t displayed
You can block, but not unblock contacts
Only by manually specifying which save file should be used.
